Epileptic Seizures

Epileptic seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, or levels of consciousness. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by repeated seizures.

Seizures can vary in intensity and duration, lasting from a few seconds to several minutes. They may be triggered by specific factors such as flashing lights, sleep deprivation, stress, or missed medications.

Common symptoms of epileptic seizures:

• Uncontrollable jerking of the arms and legs
• Loss of consciousness or awareness
• Staring spells or confusion
• Temporary paralysis or muscle stiffness
• Strange sensations (tingling, taste, smell)

Types of seizures:

• Focal Seizures: Begin in one part of the brain and may or may not involve loss of awareness.
• Generalized Seizures: Involve the entire brain and include tonic-clonic, absence, and myoclonic seizures.

Possible causes of epilepsy and seizures include:

• Genetic predisposition
• Brain injuries or trauma
• Stroke or brain tumors
• Infections like meningitis or encephalitis
• Developmental disorders

Treatment options:

• Medications: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) help control seizures in most people.
• Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): A device implanted to reduce seizure frequency.
• Ketogenic Diet: High-fat, low-carb diet effective for children with difficult-to-treat epilepsy.
• Surgery: Removal of seizure-causing brain tissue in certain cases.

People with epilepsy can lead full and active lives with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Early diagnosis, regular follow-ups with a neurologist, and adherence to medication can significantly reduce the impact of seizures and improve quality of life.